And what parents and teachers can do to help children in the classroom.
Sensory processing issues can cause problems for kids at home and at school. Sensory processing issues happen when kids have trouble handling the information their senses take in. Kids may also have trouble being aware of their bodies, or struggle with balance and coordination. Different kids are affected by sensory issues in different ways. Some may be very sensitive to sensory stimulation. Others may be much less sensitive than their peers.
Sensory processing issues can make it hard for children to succeed at school. For example, sensitive kids might be overwhelmed by bright lights or loud noises like kids yelling at recess. Or they might have trouble paying attention because their clothing is uncomfortable. Under-sensitive kids might be fidgety and unable to sit still. They might get into trouble for seeking stimulation by bumping, jumping or crashing into other kids.
Many of the behaviors of kids with sensory problems overlap with symptoms of ADHD. Kids might have trouble sitting still or concentrating. Or they might melt down during transitions from one activity to another. Some (but not all) kids with ADHD also have sensory issues.
There is no medication to treat sensory processing issues. But there are treatments, and practical changes you can make at school and home that can help. Occupational therapists (or OTs) are specialists who work with kids who have sensory issues. They engage kids in physical activities that help manage sensory input. Parents can request that an OT work with kids at school or find one in private practice.
Talking to your child’s teacher can help, too. Discuss changes that might help, like letting your child fidget when they have to sit for a long time. Or allowing them wear noise-blocking headphones when things get loud. Sensory breaks, like walking in circles or jumping on a mini-trampoline, can help under-sensitive kids get the input they need.
With the right support, your child with sensory processing issues can succeed in class, on the playground and at home.